More than effort, it’s dedicating time and perseverance.” experiences of physical activity and physical exercise in stroke survivor with high functional capacity: a qualitative study

Abstract

Background: Stroke survivors exhibit sedentary behavior, and many do not engage in physical activity and exercise for a number of reasons. Secondary prevention through physical activity is a priority to avoid a new stroke or disease. Objective: To describe the experience of stroke survivors with maintained walking ability living in Spain regarding physical activity and exercise. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted. Purposive sampling was carried out to include 35 stroke survivors who had stroke more than 6 months ago from 14 neurorehabilitation centers in 24 cities in Spain. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and researchers’ field notes. The Giorgi approach was used for the qualitative analysis of the data collected. Results: Three themes emerged: a) Changes in the experience of physical activity and exercise adaptation; b) Reasons for and against the practice of physical activity and exercise; c) Experiencing tiredness and fatigue. Conclusions: Our results show the individual post-stroke perception of each person, the reasons for and against the practice of physical activity and exercise, as well as the impact this has on their daily life and activity. These results will help health professionals to understand the needs of stroke survivors when prescribing physical activity and exercise included in intervention programs.

IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Previous experience and the current situation impact individually on the performance of physical activity and exercise in each stroke survivor. The influence of individual and environmental factors must be considered in the readaptation of physical activity after a stroke. Successful adherence to physical activity and exercise in stroke survivors, requires knowledge of the individual’s perception and preferences. Physical activity needs to be adapted to the multifactorial background and progression of stroke survivors, ambulation being a suitable approach.