Artículos de revistas

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Parametric-based and automatized gis application to calculate energy savings of the building 2 envelope in rehabilitated nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB). case study of Zaragoza, Spain
(Elsevier, 2020-03-14) García-Ballano, Claudio Javier; Ruiz-Varona, Ana; Casas-Villarreal, Luis
In Spain, most existing housing units were constructed when there were only minimal regulations regarding energy efficiency. It was not until 1979 that transmittance values were established for different types of enclosures. However, 54.10% of current houses were constructed before 1979, similar values than most of the European countries. The objectives of the European 2020 strategy highlight the importance of rehabilitating urban environments. To date, few studies have considered the energy efficiency of buildings as a determinant of the energy vulnerability of specific areas. In this article, an automated and replicable GIS-based method to evaluate the energy savings generated from adapting the exterior envelope of buildings to achieve nZEB is proposed. The method is based on the analysis of existing cadastral data as main database and is applied to the specific case of Zaragoza, Spain. The results show that the saving energy potential vary from 30.6 to 57.9% at the building level and confirm differences in savings with respect to the age of the buildings and other variables. Findings suggest that the method would contribute not only to providing an automatized analysis of energy efficiency but also to improving the design of comprehensive renewal policies at different scales in cities
A comparison of generalised urban block 3D model variants considering attributes with an influence on urban analyses
(Copernicus, 2026-06) Domínguez-Lapeña, Alejandro; Béjar, Rubén; Ruiz-Varona, Ana
Three-dimensional (3D) city models support geometry-sensitive urban analyses related to energy demand, material stocks, and urban climate. While modelling decisions at the scale of individual buildings have been widely examined—particularly in relation to Levels of Detail (LOD)—the geometric specification of intermediate spatial units such as urban blocks remains weakly defined. In practice, block-level representations are often derived through implicit aggregation of building geometries, without explicitly assessing the generalisation strategies involved or their analytical implications. This study systematically evaluates alternative 3D urban block modelling variants derived from identical building-based cadastral data. Three 3D generalisation strategies are considered: footprint simplification, height simplification, and semantic grouping of envelope or façade elements. Their combinations generate 19 distinct configurations applied to a morphologically heterogeneous urban block in Zaragoza (Spain). For each variant, total built volume, exposed envelope area (surface), and geometric complexity (polygon count) are computed and compared. Results show that height simplification primarily affects volumetric estimates, whereas semantic grouping strongly reduces exposed surface area and geometric complexity without affecting volume. Footprint simplification exhibits intermediate effects across indicators. These findings demonstrate that block-level generalisation strategies significantly influence analytical outcomes and cannot be treated as neutral aggregation steps. The study provides a structured and reproducible framework for evaluating 3D urban block modelling variants in urban-scale analyses.
Planeamiento supramunicipal y construcción del territorio aragonés, España
(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2014) Ruiz-Varona, Ana
La explosión del fenómeno urbano por el territorio ha traído consigo importantes consecuencias con respecto al gobierno del territorio, siendo frecuentes, no sólo la formación de grandes áreas urbanas que agrupan a más de un municipio, sino, y de modo complementario, la miríada de pequeños municipios que ven disminuida su población o bien alterado su patrón de crecimiento por la proximidad a las aglomeraciones urbanas en formación, careciendo muchas veces de los instrumentos de planeamiento requeridos para hacer frente a ello. Este escenario es objeto de análisis a propósito del caso concreto del territorio aragonés, en España. A la luz de un marco de aproximación analítico, el texto identifica la instrumentación de carácter supramunicipal que se ha articulado entre planificación urbanística y territorial como respuesta a esta condición de nueva territorialidad.
Arte accidental: análisis visual de las panorámicas de paisaje elaboradas para la Guerra Civil Española
(https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ARIS/es/article/view/107145, 2026-04-08) Elia-García, Santiago
Tras el estallido de la guerra civil española, el territorio quedó dividido en sectores controlados por los bandos enfrentados. En pocos días, se trazaron frentes que surcaban el país y configuraban nuevas fronteras, algunas de las cuales permanecieron estables durante largos periodos. Esta situación propició que, por razones bélicas, el paisaje se convirtiera en objeto de estudio desde ambos flancos. El presente artículo analiza escenas derivadas de dicha observación, representadas mediante una metodología rigurosa orientada a registrar la información visual del territorio de combate como apoyo a la toma de decisiones estratégicas. Este proceso generó un conjunto de documentos gráficos de notable valor estético. Las conclusiones obtenidas a partir de la observación detenida de estos materiales respaldan la tesis de que el rigor técnico y la disciplina en el proceso de elaboración creativa conducen, de manera no intencionada, a resultados atractivos y conmovedores. Estos registros pueden considerarse manifestaciones de arte accidental. Asimismo, se comparan panorámicas obtenidas mediante distintas herramientas gráficas, evaluando el alcance de cada una. Se confronta el papel sintético del dibujo manual con la función totalizadora de la fotografía, técnicas muy diferentes que se complementaron para ofrecer una representación visual más completa de un mismo territorio.
Miradas cruzadas en la guerra civil española. Un sistema de comunicación convergente para una mejor comprensión del paisaje
(Universidad de Málaga, 2025-12-22) Elia-García, Santiago; Ruiz-Varona, Ana; Temes-Cordovez, Rafael
El análisis estructural y cualitativo de las representaciones de un paisaje permite extraer un valioso conocimiento sobre su historia y territorio. Estas representaciones adquieren valor documental al reflejar el proceso de conceptualización y entendimiento de un paisaje vivido y significado por diferentes generaciones. Esta investigación se centra en el valor documental de los materiales y testimonios elaborados para narrar un mismo hecho: la guerra civil española en el frente norte de Aragón. Estos testimonios son comunicados por los observadores del paisaje a través de diferentes lenguajes. El método de análisis sistemático aplicado a los materiales gráficos, escritos y fotográficos permite caracterizar y reconstruir un paisaje común a través de sus miradas cruzadas. Los resultados de la investigación contribuyen al conocimiento de lo sucedido en este acontecimiento histórico y destacan el papel fundamental del paisaje y el territorio a través de las técnicas de representación, visualización y comunicación.
Drawing as Language in Panoramic Sketches Created During the Spanish Civil War
(Unione Italiana per il Disegno, 2026-05-30) Elia-García, Santiago; Ruiz-Varona, Ana; Temes-Cordovez, Rafael
The article focuses on the analysis of panoramic sketches drawn during the Spanish Civil War in Aragón. These sketches are perspective drawings that depict the warfront landscape as perceived by combatants from strategic positions on both sides of the contact line. They are elongated graphic documents, generally of large dimensions, created by specialists integrated into the participating Spanish and Italian troops. These sketches are part of the cartographic material necessary for the meticulous study of the terrain where military actions took place. The prolonged stagnation of the front in Aragón allowed for precise delineation of the relief profiles and the placement of positions, trenches, and fortifications. The sketches served as a means of communication between the message sender, the draftsman, and the receiver, who projected operations onto the territory. The technical quality of the documents and the validity of the transmitted message are evaluated. The authors’ ability to express the complexity of the territory through the language of drawing is assessed. The phases of their creation and their characteristics are investigated. Additionally, the calculation procedures, graphic techniques used, and methods available for obtaining duplicates are analyzed.
Líneas en el frente. El dibujo como arma durante la Guerra Civil Española en Aragón
(Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 2023-11-30) Elia-García, Santiago; Ruiz-Varona, Ana; Temes Córdovez, Rafael
El presente artículo analiza la expresión gráfica en los croquis panorámicos del paisaje aragonés representados por los distintos ejércitos durante la Guerra Civil Española. Se muestran registros variados que evidencian la capacidad del dibujo como herramienta eficaz de conocimiento del territorio, planificación y toma de decisiones. Se indica a través de ellos la conexión entre el relato histórico y la orografía de Aragón, y se deduce que la técnica utilizada, el grado de precisión y la información transmitida fueron relevantes en la evolución de la contienda.
Influence of competitive level and playing position on the physical and technical demands of professional men’s football
(Editorial Termedia, 2026-02-01) Lampre, Miguel; Arjol-Serrano, José Luis; López-Del Campo, Roberto; Resta, Ricardo; Mainer Pardos, Elena; Lozano, Demetrio
This study investigated the differences in physical and technical performance between players in Spain’s First and Second Division professional men’s football leagues, with a specific focus on playing positions and phases of play (in and out of possession). Drawing on data from 1,608 official matches across the 2021/22 and 2022/23 seasons, involving 44 teams, the research employed advanced tracking technologies (TRACAB and Mediacoach) and technical event analysis (OPTA) to provide a comprehensive assessment of physical demands and technical actions. In possession phases, First Division central midfielders (CM) and forwards (FW) covered significantly more distance at high speeds (p = 0.010 and 0.027; ES = -0.49) and during sprints (p = 0.041 and 0.025; ES = -0.45 and -0.59), whereas wide defenders (WD) demonstrated greater high-intensity efforts in both possession and defensive phases (p = 0.002–0.009; ES = -0.50 to -0.59). Conversely, central defenders (CD) and wide midfielders (WM) did not show significant differences in physical demands between divisions. Technically, FW in the First Division recorded higher values in total passes, forward passes, attacking zone passes, successful dribbles, and crosses, while WM showed significantly greater totals in passes, forward passes, and attacking zone passes compared to their counterparts in the Second Division. In contrast, Second Division players, particularly CD and WD, executed longer passes (p = 0.025 and 0.001; ES = 0.29 and 0.20), suggesting a more direct style of play. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that competitive level and playing position significantly influence the physical and technical demands of professional football. The findings suggest that technical proficiency, particularly in offensive play, complements position-specific physical demands in highintensity actions as a key differentiator between divisions.
Physical Match Performance of Professional Men’s Football Players from Different Competitive Levels During Direct Competition
(MDPI, 2026-02-02) Lampre, Miguel; Arjol-Serrano, José Luis; López-Del Campo, Roberto; Resta, Ricardo; Lozano, Demetrio; Mainer Pardos, Elena
The influence of competitive standards on physical performance in professional football remains controversial, particularly when teams from different divisions compete against each other. This study aimed to analyze position-specific differences in physical performance, both in possession and out of possession, between Spanish First and Second Division teams during direct competition. Match data from 25 Copa del Rey fixtures across three seasons were analyzed using a validated multi-camera tracking system. Physical performance variables were examined according to playing position. First Division players accumulated greater total distance during in-possession phases, particularly central defenders (CDs), wide defenders (WDs), central midfielders (CMs), and wide midfielders (WMs), whereas Second Division players covered greater distances during out-of-possession phases, mainly CDs, WDs, and CMs. In addition, First Division CMs exhibited higher high-speed running in possession, while Second Division forwards (FWs) demonstrated greater high-speed running and defensive high-speed running. Differences in maximum velocity were also observed in CDs, with higher values recorded in the First Division. Overall, these findings indicate that physical performance is modulated by the competitive standard and playing position. However, the interpretation of these differences should not be dissociated from the tactical nature of football, as players’ specific positions and the tactical roles derived from them may condition the physical demands imposed during different phases of play, rather than reflecting isolated physical capacity.
Phase Characteristics of Rate of Force Development in Vertical Jump Performance: A Regression-Based Analysis
(Physical Treatments, 2026-02-02) Yousefian Molla, Razieh; Paolo Ardigò, Luca; Fatahi, Ali; Khezri, Davood; Mainer Pardos, Elena; Nobari, Hadi
Purpose: The rate of force development (RFD) is commonly used as indicator of explosive strength and has been linked to sport-specific performance. However, the exact role of RFD and other temporal variables in relation to performance criteria remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship of RFD and countermovement jump (CMJ) height during the eccentric and concentric phases of the CMJ. Methods: Fifteen professional male volleyball players participated. Each performed CMJs on a force platform. Average power, peak power, time to peak power, maximum RFD, average RFD, and peak RFD were calculated for both concentric and eccentric phases. Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to assess relationships among kinetic and temporal variables and CMJ height. Regression coefficients assessed the association of force and jump height (p<0.05). Results: No significant correlations existed between force variables and jump height in either the eccentric or concentric phases. The findings suggest that contractile force variables, such as RFD, do not significantly influence vertical jump height during CMJ. Vertical jump height in CMJ is likely influenced more by non-contractile factors including anthropometric and biomechanical characteristics, rather than contractile force alone. Conclusion: Therefore, caution is advised when using RFD to interpret explosive power during CMJ. Additionally, RFD may not be a reliable tool to forecast jump performance in athletes engaged in sports requiring high explosive strength.
Acute effects of post-activation performance enhancement on half-squat training volume and repetition performance in strength-train men: a randomised crossover study
(Springer, 2026) Pancar, Zarife; İlhan, Muhammet Taha; Karaday, Emre; Karaca, Burak; Mainer Pardos, Elena; Moreira Praça, Gibson; Carneiro, Lara; Nobari, Hadi
Background Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) refers to an acute improvement in voluntary muscle performance following a high-intensity conditioning activity. Although previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of PAPE on power-, sprint-, and jump-related outcomes, its influence on resistance training volume and repetition performance has been less frequently investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the acute effects of a PAPE protocol on repetitions performed to failure and total training volume during the half-squat exercise in resistance-trained men. Methods Nine resistance-trained men completed a control condition and a PAPE condition in a randomised crossover design. In both conditions, participants performed three sets of the half-squat exercise to volitional failure at the same relative load following condition-specific preparatory protocols. Total training volume and total repetitions were assessed. Results Total volume load was significantly higher in the PAPE condition compared with CON (7416.67 ± 3041.54 kg vs. 5959.58 ± 3203.86 kg; p = 0.044, t(8) = −2.394). The total number of repetitions performed was also significantly greater under PAPE (20.07 ± 9.04) compared with CON (15.93 ± 10.54; p = 0.039, F = 6.092, η²p = 0.432). Conclusions The findings indicate that a protocol involving a high-intensity PAPE condition combined with a longer recovery period is associated with acute improvements in repetition performance and total training volume during the half-squat exercise in resistance-trained men. These results suggest that such protocol-specific approaches may influence acute training outcomes, although the independent contributions of potentiation and rest duration cannot be fully isolated.
Effects of Strength and Speed Training Programs on Physical Performance Variables in Futsal Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(MDPI, 2026-04-24) Villanueva-Guerrero, Oscar; Travassos, Bruno; Nobari, Hadi; Albalad-Aiguabella, Rafael; Mainer Pardos, Elena
Objectives: The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the effects of training programs on different parameters of physical performance in futsal players. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and SportDiscus databases. The search was conducted for the studies published between 2014 and 2024, and 13 studies were selected that met the inclusion criteria. The random-effects model with inverse variance weighting was used for the meta-analysis. Effect sizes (ES) were reported as standardized mean differences and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The effects of such programs showed a primary small effect size for vertical jump (ES = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.64; Z = 2.76; p = 0.01); for sprints ≤ 15 m (ES = −0.55; 95% CI = −0.81, −0.29; Z = 4.15; p < 0.01); for sprints ≥ 20 m (ES = −0.56; 95% CI = −0.87, −0.24; Z = 3.49; p < 0.01); for repeated sprint ability (RSA) mean (ES = −0.33; 95% CI = −0.61, −0.05; Z = 2.34; p = 0.02); and for RSA % decrement (ES = −0.38; 95% CI = −0.74, −0.02; Z = 2.06; p = 0.04). However, most included studies were based on pre–post designs without a control group, and additional analyses with control groups showed smaller or non-significant effects. Conclusions: The results indicate that training programs incorporating methods such as strength training, plyometrics, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improve performance in vertical jump, short- and long-sprint speed, and RSA scores. These findings highlight the importance of developing evidence-based interventions to maximize physical performance in futsal players.
Epidemiology of injuries in male under-19 futsal players competing in the highest national league in Spain
(Frontiers Media, 2026-06-24) Villanueva-Guerrero, Oscar; Travassos, Bruno; Lopez, Mário; Albalad-Aiguabella, Rafael; Nobari, Hadi; Mainer Pardos, Elena
Introduction: This study analyzed injury epidemiology and incidence in male youth futsal players competing in the top national category over a regular season. The aim was to quantify injury incidence, prevalence, and burden, and to describe injury distribution according to exposure (training vs. match), body region, injury type, severity, and playing position.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted during the 2023–2024 season in the Spanish Youth Division of Honour, the highest national Under-19 futsal league in Spain. The sample comprised 164 male players from 13 teams who were followed prospectively over a nine-month period. Injury data were recorded throughout the season, whereas training and match exposure were estimated based on the standard schedule of the participating teams. Playing position, dominant leg, injured body region, injury type, severity, and time-loss duration were also recorded. Injury incidence, prevalence, and burden were subsequently calculated.Results: A total of 111 injuries were registered, affecting 79 players (48% of the cohort), resulting in an overall incidence of 4.96 injuries per 1,000 hours of exposure. Match incidence (53.84/1,000 h) was substantially higher than training incidence (1.94/1,000 h). Most injuries involved the lower limbs (80.1%), particularly the ankle (23.4%) and knee (20.7%). Muscle/tendon (36.9%) and ligament (36.0%) injuries were the most frequent, and wingers sustained the highest number of injuries (n = 51). Median time loss was 16 days, while mean time loss reached approximately 36 days, and injury burden reached 176.5 days per 1,000 hours.Conclusion: These findings indicated a considerable injury risk in this population, especially during matches, and supported the need for targeted prevention strategies focused on strength development, neuromuscular control, and load management.
An exploratory pre–post study of an intensive somatosensory activity-based intervention on participation-related goals, motor performance and somatosensory function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
(Frontiers, 2026-06-25) Jovellar Isiegas, Patricia; Roche-Seruendo, Luis Enrique; Jaén-Carrillo, Diego; Gómez-Barrera, Manuel; Cuesta-García, César
Somatosensory impairments are common in children with unilateral cerebral palsy and may be associated with limitations in upper-limb function and daily activities. The aim of this exploratory single-arm pre–post study was to examine pre–post change following a novel intensive somatosensory activitybased intervention (ISABI) targeting the more-affected upper limb, focusing on goal-related occupational performance (primary outcome), upper-limb motor performance, and somatosensory function. Sixteen children aged 6–15 years completed 36 h of intervention over three weeks (30 h clinic-based and 6 h home practice). Outcomes were assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM; performance and satisfaction), the Box and Block Test, the Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test, and a predefined somatosensory assessment battery covering tactile registration, tactile spatial perception (unilateral and bilateral), graphaesthesia, haptic perception (stereognosis of objects and forms), texture perception, and functional sensibility. Occupational problems were most frequently related to self-care (81.25%), followed by leisure (12.50%) and productivity (6.25%). COPM performance increased by 71.47% and family satisfaction increased by 62.51%. Manual dexterity and hand function improved by 12% (Box and Block Test) and 12.38% (Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test), respectively. Somatosensory outcomes showed improvements in several domains, including unilateral and bilateral spatial discrimination, graphaesthesia (33% increase), texture perception (33% increase), and functional sensibility (18.52% increase), while tactile registration and stereognosis showed limited change. These exploratory findings suggest potentially meaningful pre–post changes in goal-related occupational performance and satisfaction, upper-limb motor performance, and selected somatosensory outcomes following ISABI in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Given the exploratory single-arm pre–post design (no control group and no follow-up), findings should be interpreted cautiously and require confirmation in adequately poweredrandomised trials with blinded assessment and longer-term follow-up.
Impact of an exercise and health education program for health promotion in textile workers: a pre-post intervention study protocol
(Frontiers media, 2026-06-02) Jiménez Sánchez, Carolina; Cordova-Alegre, Paula; Sanjuán Sánchez, Daniel; Ibiricu-Abendaño, Garazi; Rabal-Pelay, Juan; Piedrafita, Eduardo
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent among manufacturing workers and represent a major cause of pain, functional limitation, reduced work ability and productivity loss, particularly in textile settings characterized by repetitive upper-limb tasks and sustained postures. Despite recommendations supporting exercise and education as first-line strategies, scalable workplace-embedded programs remain insufficiently implemented. This study aims to evaluate changes associated with an eight-week multimodal intervention integrating health education and app-supported exercise in textile workers. A quasi-experimental single-arm pre–post study will be conducted in a textile manufacturing company in Zaragoza, Spain, including workers aged 18–65 years. The intervention will consist of weekly face-to-face educational workshops and a twice-weekly digitally supported exercise program. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention and one-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be change in musculoskeletal pain intensity, and secondary outcomes will include musculoskeletal symptoms, physical function, physical activity, work ability, sleep quality, psychological distress, health-related quality of life and work productivity. Data will be analyzed using paired statistical tests according to distribution, with a significance level of 0.05. The study has received ethical approval from the Universidad San Jorge Ethics Committee and the Research Ethics Committee of Aragón, and findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and scientific conferences.
Physiological parameters evolution after a predominant metabolic pathway-dependent acute exercise
(2016) Piedrafita, Eduardo; Berzosa Sánchez, César
Our aim was to measure three physiological variables (heart and respiratory rates, and lactatemia) before and immediately after an exercise test, and to observe their evolution over 15 minutes post-exercise. 25 males/females, 19-25 years old, were distributed into three groups, which performed a race test with a different predominant-metabolic-pathway: 100m (alactic anaerobic), 400m (lactic anaerobic), submaximal-intensity 5’ (aerobic). Variables were measured at rest-state and for 5’ intervals (0’-15’) post-exercise. Results: after a lactic anaerobic exercise, a higher change in all variables, a slower return to basal values, and a 5’-lactatemia peak were observed; in addition, at 0’ post-exercise lactatemia was more than 4 mmol/L (OBLA marker) in all tests. In conclusion: intramuscular lactate releasing to blood goes on after exercise, and heart and respiratory rates increases are higher when lactic anaerobic metabolism predominates, maybe for a higher cardiac output (to attend glycolysis-mediated available-energy decrease) and ventilations (to attenuate acidosis).
Entrenamiento de fuerza explosiva para aumentar la velocidad del swing en golf
(2018) Martínez Dena, Víctor; Berzosa Sánchez, César; Gutiérrez, Héctor; Bataller-Cervero, Ana Vanessa; Valero-Campo, Carlos; Piedrafita, Eduardo
En golf, la velocidad de salida de la bola depende de la velocidad de golpeo con la cabeza del palo; se ha observado también que los músculos glúteo medio y mayor influyen en la cinética del swing. Objetivo: valorar la influencia del entrenamiento de fuerza explosiva sobre la velocidad de golpeo en el swing. 10 jugadores amateur distribuidos en dos grupos: 1) control; 2) entrenamiento, basado en zancadas con rotación y media sentadilla, de forma explosiva, durante 6 semanas. Se midieron pre- y post-intervención: altura mediante SJ; 1RM de media sentadilla; velocidad de golpeo mediante sistema Trackman. Se observaron aumentos significativos en grupo entrenamiento post- vs. pre-intervención, tanto en 1RM como en velocidad de golpeo. Sin cambios en grupo control. Estos resultados indican que un entrenamiento de fuerza explosiva de tren inferior conlleva más velocidad de golpeo en el swing, posiblemente por un aumento de velocidad de rotación de cadera
Efectividad del entrenamiento con estiramientos y bandas elásticas para el aumento de dorsiflexión de tobillo
(2018) Miguel, Pablo; Duaso Iriarte, Adriana; Berzosa Sánchez, César; Gutiérrez, Héctor; Bataller-Cervero, Ana Vanessa; Valero-Campo, Carlos; Piedrafita, Eduardo
El esguince de tobillo es una de las lesiones más habituales en baloncesto; uno de sus factores de riesgo es el déficit de la dorsiflexión del pie, en la que se ha observado mejora gracias a ejercicios de estiramientos o con bandas elásticas de resistencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la eficacia de un entrenamiento de 4 semanas, con combinación de estiramientos y bandas elásticas, para la mejora de la dorsiflexión. 41 jugadores de baloncesto de base, hombres y mujeres, se dividieron en dos grupos: 1) control; 2) intervención (quienes realizaron el entrenamiento). Se midió la dorsiflexión en ambos tobillos mediante sistema Leg Motion® en los dos grupos, pre- y post-entrenamiento. En el grupo intervención se produjo un aumento significativo de dorsiflexión vs. control, tanto en hombres como en mujeres. En comparación con otros estudios, se observa que la tasa de aumento es mayor tras entrenamiento combinado que realizado mediante ejercicios específicos aislados.
Aerobic training control by critical velocity and RPE
(Asociación española de deportes colectivos, 2018) Mínguez, Ignacio; Díez, Adrián; Berzosa Sánchez, César; Gutiérrez, Héctor; Bataller-Cervero, Ana Vanessa; Marcén-Cinca, Noel; Marco-Contreras, Luis Alberto; Piedrafita, Eduardo
The present study aims to verify the efficacy of the Critical Speed (VC) model and the subjective perception of effort (RPE) for the control of the Maximum Aerobic Speed (VAM) training in runners. Seven students of the Physical Activity and sports Sciences Degree of San Jorge University (Spain) with a moderate level of habitual physical activity participated in this study. The training programs that were carried out to improve VAM lasted 8 weeks with a training frequency of two weekly sessions, a total volume of 41,600m and intensities comprised between 80% and 120% of the V1000. The mean of V1000 in T1 was 257.68m/s (SD = 43.04) and 221.81m/s (SD = 32.44) in T2. 100% of the participants improved the V1000 after 8 weeks of training. A statistically significant improvement of 13.63% (SD = 3.19) was observed in T2 with respect to T1. No statistically significant association was found between the RPE (at any time it was recorded) and the improvement observed in the V1000.
Exploring anti-doping knowledge level: a systematic review among athletes, students, and athlete support personnel in the sports sector
(Frontiers, 2026-06-03) Domínguez-Carrión, Jorge; Casado, Arturo; Pardo, Rodrigo; Aguilar-Navarro, Millán; García-Grimau, Elena
The level of anti-doping knowledge within the sports sector remains an underexplored area of research. Moreover, the methods used to assess this knowledge are not standardized, resulting in a lack of harmonization across studies. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to analyze and compare the level of knowledge among different populations in a consistent manner. The main aim of this study was to systematically review the level of anti-doping knowledge among Athletes, Students, and Athlete Support Personnel in the sports sector. The secondary objective was to identify and evaluate the methodology used to measure the level of knowledge. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used to identify relevant studies. All articles assessing anti-doping knowledge were included, regardless of study design, measurement instruments, or target population. A set of evaluation criteria was developed and used to objectively measure the quality of the included studies. Ninety-three studies were included in the analysis. Twenty-five publications (26.88%) did not clearly report the level of anti-doping knowledge. Across the remaining studies, a wide heterogeneity of instruments and reporting approaches was observed. Using a heuristic and interpretive classification framework to synthesize author-reported descriptors, most studies were heuristically classified as reflecting a predominantly “Low” level of anti-doping knowledge (45.16%), while fewer studies reported “Limited” (8.60%), “Basic” (5.38%), or “Good” (13.98%) knowledge. No study explicitly described an “Extensive” level of anti-doping knowledge. These findings should be interpreted as indicative patterns derived from descriptive synthesis rather than as precise quantitative estimates. Despite methodological heterogeneity, these findings highlight the need to develop standardized and validated assessment tools and to implement structured educational programs to improve anti-doping knowledge across the sport sector.

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