Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside inhibits different enzymes involved in centralnervous system pathologies and type-2 diabetes

Abstract

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, also known as kuromanin, is one of the most important anthocyanins in nature. Thescope of this paper is to discuss the potential role of this anthocyanin as therapeutic agent to prevent or treatchronic diseases in which oxidative stress may be involved through a modulation of certain enzymes. The inhib-itory potential of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside against enzymatic targets of neurodegenerative or metabolic diseaseswas tested using monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tyrosinase (TYR), fatty acidamide hydrolase (FAAH),α-glucosidase (α-GLU) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). The antioxidant activitywas evaluated through the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside inhibited MAO-A,TYR and FAAH enzymes whereas it could not inhibit AChE activity. IC50values for these assays were 7.6μM,18.1μM and 152.1μM, respectively. Additionally, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was able to inhibitα-GLU (IC50=479.8μM) and DPP-4 (IC50= 125.1μM). Finally, the antioxidant activity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was con-firmedby the xanthine/xanthine oxidase method, being more efficient than gallicacidassuperoxide radicalscav-enger. In conclusion, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside has demonstrated to be a candidate as enzyme inhibitor withneuroprotective, antioxidant and antidiabetic potential